So, the process of evolution is this idea of "survival of the fittest." We naturally assume "fittest" means "fit", like they are healthy and active. To a degree, this is true. But what "fit" really means is the ability to reproduce.
There are going to be small evolutionary changes over time due to mutations or the such, but let's say I had a pack of rabbits migrate to the arctic and we have a mix of gray, brown, and black, but every once in a while there is a mutation or gene that shows that makes the rabbits white. Those white rabbits have a competitive advantage to live and pass on their gene pool to the next generation. Thus, more white rabbits will be produced and more will live and reproduce. Black rabbits which stand out in the snow will not survive because they are easily spotted and will not be able to reproduce.
Ever heard of the Galapagos finches? There was a single species of finches that migrated to the Galapagos Islands and over probably millions of years, we developed 15 different species based on their beaks. Some had beaks to break nuts open, some had long beaks to dig in the dirt for insects, and some had beaks better designed for pecking through wood for insects, etc. The birds that were best suited to eat, survive, and pass on their gene pool did so and passed on the genes for those beaks to their offspring.
In that sense, the Earth can't adapt. The atmosphere can't adapt to the greenhouse gases. The ocean can't become better adapted to retain less harmful gases. The ground itself can't adapt to harmful waste.
There's several different means by which animals, bacteria, viruses, etc. evolve. It's a pretty complex process.
